This part of what British historian David Starkey said in a moment of careless rage at the weekend caught my eye immediately after he had initially said that a ‘violent, destructive and nihilistic’ black culture had corrupted too many of Britain’s youngsters:
‘A substantial section of the chavs have become black. The whites have become black. Black and white, boy and girl, operate in this language together . . . which is wholly false, which is a Jamaican patois that’s been intruded in England, and this is why so many of us have this sense of literally a foreign country.’ (Read more)
Some phrases immediately pop out here: “nihilistic black culture”, “this language… which is wholly false”, “Jamaican patois that’s been intruded in England…” It would take a very long essay to respond to the slight of “nihilistic” being used to refer to a culture which the British empire spent much of the last hundred years stealing from in form of artifacts that now decorate the British Museum and private collections over the country. No, the part that interested me the most was a claim that the Jamaican patois (1.) is a false language and (2.) has been intruded (sic) in England (3.) is the cause of the violent culture among today’s youths black and white in England as well as a carrier of “black” culture. (Video here)
Coming from a layman, the false claim that any form of vernacular itself derived from English is so strange as to make an English speaking country seem like a foreign country seems silly enough, especially if that layman lives in a country that has some of the most unintelligible dialects of the same language in the world. But when a historian says it on national television to an audience already looking for a scapegoat in a national crises, then it takes on a totally different meaning more than just a rambling of the uninformed. What is more likely is that he was addressing his remarks not to the smart section of the populace but to the angry ones. I imagine a scenario in which any citizen of the United States would feel like s/he is living in a foreign country because all young people now speak in African-American Vernacular English as a result of a cultural movement. Highly unlikely. But that could be because the United States has evolved far ahead of Britain in its racial identity.
Yet, if that were the case, not only would it be an at least totally understandable social and cultural phenomenon, it would also be justifiable under one of the best known phonological facts: that language tend towards simplification. Most young people in America today have gone from using “You are” and “You’re” to using “Your” as a perfectly normal pronoun i.e. “Your the man of my dreams.” Other pronouns “he”, “she”, “it” have not yet undergone the same transformation. I have already started planning for a day when I would see the expression simply written as “Yor” while the rest catch up with the various forms of simplification: “Hez” “Shez” “Their” etc for “He is”, “She is” and “They are”. The ONLY thing it tells us is that humans like to make speaking easy and fun for themselves more importantly than anything else. It has nothing to do with skin colour, race or culture. Patois evolved howeve – just like other world creoles – as a pidgin made from an unusual contact of two strange languages. It is not by any chance an “easy” or “false” language. If its appeal has now spread to the level of popular acceptance within youths in a country far from its birthplace, it is more of a validation of its language status rather than its “falseness”. The English language as we know it today also evolved from the fusion of languages, dialects, and vernaculars from the old Germanic and Romance languages.
And we have not even talked about the (albeit annoying) false causality between speaking patois (or any vernacular for that matter), and gang violence. But then, David Starkey is not a linguist. He’s just a flawed historian, and more, even a poor speaker of English.
1
uche peter umez at http://YourWebsite
interesting, elucidating too
Posted at August 16, 2011 on 2:55am.
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Joseph A. Ushie at http://YourWebsite
I didn’t read David Starkey’s essay, if his words were written, nor listen to him, if his comments were presented orally, but the extracts from his words as presented in the above response are enough for me to make some comments on the original submission, believing David Starkey hasn’t been misrepresented here. Any British historian of note should have remembered what the Teutons first did to the Celtic civilization, and what the Vikings subsequently did to their brothers who had been on the Island before them. S/he should further have remembered the Norman Conquest of 1066 and its effect on the English language after about 200 years of Norman domination of Britain. I would excuse him/her if s/he doesn’t know that the inflectional endings in Old English had begun falling off following the Danes’ settling in Britain, ahead of the subsequent Norman invasion, as a response to the confusion in inflectional endings between Old English and Old Norse, which was the language of the Northmen. What this means is that human languages naturally change, but this change is fastened when speakers of two strange languages come into contact and remain so for long. David Starkey’s lamentation should have begun with regrets and or apologies over/for British adventurism into other lands and not with a strand of the outcome. Indeed, Britain’s former colonies in Africa even lament more the consequences of this interaction – not just in terms of the slave trade, colonialism and the present neo-colonial phase – but the consequences of this encounter for African languages, culture and worldview. The scars are indeed more bizarre on the African skin, whether on the continent or in the Diaspora, than on Britain, which scars are a luxury compared to Africa’s, which are lethal. And, if anything, Britain owes Africa reparations for the wealth of words, expressions and other lifeways emptied into the English language from this continent through African writing in English. Or isn’t this why Geoffrey Chaucer, John Wycliffe and others are hailed as heroes in Britain – for their courage to write in English instead of enriching French or Latin? It’s no laughing matter if the historian is unaware of the fact that there are possibly more French words than Germanic in the English of today, and that there are equally many French ways in the way the English live today.
Joseph A. Ushie.
Posted at August 16, 2011 on 3:47am.
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Abi at http://YourWebsite
Bro, na so we see am o!
Posted at August 16, 2011 on 4:51am.
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Shedding Khawatir at http://sheddingkhawatir.blogspot.com
AAVE is only simpler than standard American English in some ways. Verb moods for example, are much more complicated.
Posted at August 16, 2011 on 4:07pm.
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Kola at http://www.ktravula.com
You are right. I think the basis for the “simplification” idea is that all changes to languages always begin with a movement towards simplification (even though it always results in a new complex system of its own). It’s the same with patois as it is with Nigerian pidgin and AAVE. Maybe it’s not simplification per se as it is a deliberate rebellion against strict, accepted rules.
Posted at August 16, 2011 on 8:28pm.
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Joseph A. Ushie at http://YourWebsite
I think language change occurs due to a combination of many factors working simultaneously much of the time except in cases where one language is simply replaced by another. But if it’s a case of transformation, as we’ve had in the case of Latin and the Romance languages, quite a number of factors may work together – analogy, rebellion, simplification, the necessities of survival through introduction of excluding codes, as it was the case in the birth of Ebonics, etc. The point, however, is that a language is usually considered to have lost its own identity or status(?) mainly when its syntax has changed. Changes in sounds and vocabulary are like changes in the skin of a creature, which do not affect the main frame of the creature, while changes in structure in favour of another language usually spell the loss of identity of the language. There is nothing really strange about whatever is happening in Britain with regard to the introduction of new forms except the strange reaction to the changes by our respected historian.
Posted at August 17, 2011 on 2:45am.
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Ikhide at http://YourWebsite
“Yet, for all my dislike of what he said, I feel uneasy about the howling, strident anger that has been unleashed against him. This is partly because I think that, in the current debate about our social malaise, it is wrong to silence any voice through a form of politically correct McCarthyism.”
“We will achieve nothing if we create a mood of absolute conformity by hurling accusations of racism at those with whom we disagree. Freedom of speech is too important to become another casualty of the riots.”
“More importantly, I feel that Dr Starkey, in his own clumsy way, may have stumbled on a difficult truth about the influence of black youth culture.”
I couldn’t agree more with Tony Sewell’s article. Political correctness is drowning out meaningful debate. That is the real tragedy here. Folks should read the article again. David Starkey is the least of our problems. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2026053/David-Starkey-Gangsta-culture-poison-spreading-youths-races.html#ixzz1VAMcqzkK
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2026053/David-Starkey-Gangsta-culture-poison-spreading-youths-races.html#ixzz1VIUXfWK3
– Ikhide
Posted at August 17, 2011 on 9:44am.
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Kola at http://www.ktravula.com
Tony Sewell is right only when he advocates for free speech. Thankfully, free speech works in two ways. As far as I’m concerned, the ignorance in David Starkey’s remarks are more damaging than its racial undertones.
I however disagree with the rest of the article, filled with references that confuse “youth” culture with “black” culture. The writer makes the same mistake over and over again equating what happened in the 60s and 70s in America with an ascendancy of a “black” culture identifiable by avarice, gangsterism, and showmanship. Here’s the common mistake, to equate hip-hop or gangster culture with black culture. It’s the same as equating rock (and its drug components) with white culture. It is and will always remain a faulty argument from the start.
Posted at August 17, 2011 on 10:50am.
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Ikhide at http://YourWebsite
I am fascinated, nit by the tyranny of political correctness foisted on us by all-knowing arrogant Western liberals, but by the substance of communication as expressed through anxieties. Rudeness will not kill me; what will kill me is the avuncular patronizing nonsense of Western liberals. So, big deal, let’s change it to “a dysfunctional youth culture in which black youths, the poor and the truly dispossessed are disproportionately represented.” PC enough for you? Let’s not shut down debate because we don’t like what the other has to say 🙂
Posted at August 17, 2011 on 11:47am.
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Adeleke at http://YourWebsite
I give Starkey credit for one point; much of the midwest speak a version of patois that can hardly be called English.It is not even patios; it is a corruption of it.
Yet this language(can I call it that) is so widely accepted and understood by the locals in a way that comparatively, Nigerians never accept pidgin english. Speaking for myself, there were many times I felt I had wandered into a non english speaking country.
Posted at September 8, 2011 on 5:55pm.
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Kola at http://www.ktravula.com
Well, England has always been known for very many strange languages, all derived at some point from English. You may want to learn it now 😉
Posted at September 8, 2011 on 8:21pm.